Young, Robert (August 25, 2015). "Permission requested to file AMICUS CURIAE IN OPPOSITION TO THE NFL'S MOTION TO CONFIRM ARBITRATION AWARD" (PDF) . Retrieved September 23, 2015. Reiss, Mike (January 29, 2015). "Learning more on how referees test and document football air pressure". ESPN . Retrieved February 2, 2015. Various explanations were debated at the time, including physics theories that explain how temperature and other conditions effect pressure. O'Connor, Ian (May 12, 2015). "Tom Brady should skip appeal, tell truth now". ESPN.com. ESPN Internet Ventures . Retrieved May 12, 2015. Before we examine how the pressure of a football could change, we must keep in mind how the pressure is measured. All NFL measurements are taken indoors at room temperature. That means that if the NFL lets balls return to equilibrium indoors, none of the following effects would significantly impact the measurements.

Volin, Ben (April 25, 2016). "Brady must serve 'Deflategate' suspension, appeals court rules". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016 . Retrieved April 26, 2016. A deflated football has a smaller mass because it has fewer gas molecules inside of it. Assuming that the temperature is 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius), the mass of the air in a football inflated to 12.5 psi is about 0.39 ounces (11 g). A football deflated to only 10 psi has a mass of 0.36 ounces (10.2 g). The difference is about the weight of a paper clip, Eads said. Glanz, James (January 29, 2015). "Deflation Experiments Show Patriots May Have a Point After All". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved December 15, 2015. That difference of 0.06 psi would directly increase any measurement taken at halftime compared to pre-game by that exact amount. However, that change is so small that it has little bearing on the situation overall. It's bold talk. I like Troy a lot and I like Tom a lot. And it's bold when you say somebody is lying," Costner told HLN TV. external-link Costner directed and starred in the Oscar-winning film Dances with Wolves It's hardly Watergate - but where does deflate-gate rank among other sporting 'gates'?Lindsay H. Jones. "Roger Goodell to preside over Tom Brady's appeal of Deflategate suspension". USAToday.com . Retrieved May 12, 2015.

Fitzgerald, Matt (February 18, 2015). "NFL Refutes Report That Official Was Fired for Selling Deflategate Ball". Bleacher Report . Retrieved December 18, 2018.The 1997 League Cup Final: In the League Cup final between Leicester City and Middlesbrough in 1997, the match ball deflated just 12 minutes into the game. The referee stopped the match to allow a new ball to be brought on, but the incident caused a delay and disrupted the rhythm of the game. Hensley, Jamison (February 1, 2015). "Ravens didn't tip off Colts about PSIs". ESPN . Retrieved April 12, 2015. There are different ways to deflate a football, and the method you choose will depend on the tools you have available. In this article, we’ll explore three ways to deflate a football. 1. Using a pump and a needle: a b "NFL Game Ball Procedures". Operations.NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC . Retrieved February 10, 2017.

Brady said he regularly gives old phones to assistants for destruction, a claim he made under oath in June 2015. Wells followed that up with testimony saying Brady actedas if he were"hiding something and may be guilty." Let's now examine the range of ball pressures that are possible during an NFL game even when properly inflated at room temperature. We've seen that even a 48 degree F game can have a noticeable effect on ball pressure, so let's explore the full range of weather possibilities. It's a fair question. It's worth remembering that the Patriots scored 17 points in the first half when, according to the NFL, the balls were below their optimum pressure. Twenty-eight points were piled on by Brady and Co after interval, when the balls had been re-inflated. During #Eagles #steelers pre season game their was at least one Pittsburgh football found that was VERY deflated . The #NFL has the Football and is investigating. I saw the FB after incompletion and it was like a marshmallow. @SportsRadioWIP News reports say that 11 of the 12 game balls used by the New England Patriots in their AFC championship game against the Indianapolis Colts were deflated, showing about 2 pounds per square inch (psi) less pressure than the 13 psi required by the rules, so it seems that the most bizarre sports scandal of recent memory is real. But there are still plenty of questions: why would a team deflate footballs? Could there be another explanation? And most importantly, what does physics tell us about all this?Jay Busbee (February 3, 2015). "Falcons' Arthur Blank on crowd noise: 'What we've done ... is wrong' ". Yahoo! Sports.

On May 7, when asked to comment on the report, Brady stated that he had no reaction because the report was just 30 hours old and he was still "digesting" it. He stated that he hoped to comment more fully in the future. [45] He also referred to owner Robert Kraft's comments following the release of the report. [46] Brady's agent Don Yee criticized the report, stating that investigators jumped to conclusions. [47] When you want to add air to the ball, you unscrew the base and insert the needle into the hole in the base. It continues: "The ball shall be made up of an inflated (12 1/2 to 13 1/2 pounds) urethane bladder enclosed in a pebble grained, leather case (natural tan color) without corrugations of any kind. It shall have the form of a prolate spheroid and the size and weight shall be: long axis, 11 to 11 1/4 inches; long circumference, 28 to 28 1/2 inches; short circumference, 21 to 21 1/4 inches; weight, 14 to 15 ounces.The rest of the football's mass comes from its materials, such as the leather and rubber, which add up to about 14 ounces, Eads said. Wilner, Barry (May 23, 2015). "Tom Brady keeps Deflategate battle going with another appeal of suspension". Boston.com. Associated Press . Retrieved July 13, 2016. On May 19, Kraft told media at an NFL owners' meeting that he did not plan to appeal the penalties. Kraft's decision had no impact on the NFLPA's appeal on behalf of Brady. Patriots fans held a "Free Brady" rally at Gillette Stadium on May 26, 2015. [80] [81] Caffrey, Dan (September 17, 2015). " "Stunning And Brave" – South Park – TV Review". The A.V. Club . Retrieved September 17, 2015. Whether they were deflated by fair means or foul, one thing is clear: according to the NFL’s internal investigation, 11 out of 12 balls used in Sunday’s championship game were underinflated. Will the reasons—and ramifications—force other teams to up their inflation game? That’s anyone’s guess, but it's safe to bet that Super Bowl parties will be abuzz with inflation speculation.