Aduna Super-Cacao Powder | Natural Raw African Cacao Powder for Cardiovascular Health | Ghanaian Low Cadmium Cacao | 275g Resealable and Recyclable Pack

Product Information

Wang, J.; Zhao, D.; Tiano, S.; Esteban-Fernández, A.; Yuan, B.; Smith, C.; Brathwaite, J.; Jlayer, Z.; Wu, Q.; Simon, J.E.; et al. Prophylactic effect of flavanol rich preparation metabolites in promoting resilience to a mouse model of social stress. Transl. Psychiatry 2020, 10, 1–11. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] After cocoa consumption, the major microbial metabolites found in human urine samples were caffeic acid, ferulic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, vanillic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, hippuric acid, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2. On the other hand, the major metabolites in rat urine samples were 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, cumaric acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and (-)-epicatechin [ 34]. Pre-incubation (24 h) with B1 or B2 procyanidins (50 μM) ↓ NF-κB-Luc activity (34–52%) and ↓ by 80 and 85% IL-2 release in Jurkat cells subsequently treated with TNF-α or PMA An increase in the oxidation of LDL particles has been associated with low NO bioavailability and high production of ROS in the arterial wall.

Consumption of 13 g low PFT cocoa; or 19.5 g middle PFT cocoa; or 26 g high PFT cocoa, during 4 weeks

Data Availability Statement

Cementing its position in the better-for-you category, Barry Callebaut was the first cocoa and chocolate company to receive a positive Scientific Opinion on a European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) health claim that cocoa flavanols have a positive impact on blood flow. Since the original statement in 2012, the EFSA extended that health claim to also include cocoa powder, dark chocolate products, and cocoa extract products. For the FDA, Barry Callebaut was able to provide similar evidence as it relates to high-flavanol cocoa powder. Spieker, L.E.; Hürlimann, D.; Ruschitzka, F.; Corti, R.; Enseleit, F.; Shaw, S.; Hayoz, D.; Deanfield, J.E.; Lüscher, T.F.; Noll, G. Mental Stress Induces Prolonged Endothelial Dysfunction via Endothelin-A Receptors. Circulation 2002, 105, 2817–2820. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed][ Green Version] In a following study, the perfusion of isolated small intestine with cocoa procyanidin dimers B2 and B5 (50 mM) showed that both forms are transferred to the serosal side of enterocytes in a lesser extent than the monomer subunits (<1%). Instead, it was observed that unconjugated (-)-epicatechin was the most abundant bioavailable form of procyanidin B2 in plasma (95.8%). These observations provide an explanation for the high ratio of epicatechin to catechin observed [ 26]. In addition, the latter confirmed the presence of modest concentrations of procyanidin dimers (<1%) in human plasma after the intake of a flavanol-rich cocoa beverage [ 26]. Small amounts of methylated B2 dimer have also been detected in plasma (3.2%) after ex vivo perfusion of a rat small intestine [ 19].

Matsumura, Y.; Nakagawa, Y.; Mikome, K.; Yamamoto, H.; Osakabe, N. Enhancement of Energy Expenditure following a Single Oral Dose of Flavan-3-Ols Associated with an Increase in Catecholamine Secretion. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e112180. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Aune, D.; Giovannucci, E.; Boffetta, P.; Fadnes, L.T.; Keum, N.; Norat, T.; Greenwood, D.C.; Riboli, E.; Vatten, L.J.; Tonstad, S. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality—a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2017, 46, 1029–1056. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed]One of the key aspects of Wholefood Earth’s Organic Cocoa Powder is its high antioxidant and antidepressant properties. It’s not just a baking ingredient; it’s a superfood with health benefits ranging from improved blood flow and reduced risk of blood clots to lower LDL cholesterol levels and enhanced cognitive performance. The cocoa powder also boasts more than 700 protective compounds, including numerous antioxidants and minerals, which help boost the immune system and contribute to heart health.

Epicatechin (1 μM/L) induced eNOS activation via Ser1177 and Ser633 phosphorylation and Thr495 de-phosphorylation Gómez-Guzmán, M.; Jiménez, R.; Sánchez, M.; Zarzuelo, M.J.; Galindo, P.; Quintela, A.M.; López-Sepúlveda, R.; Romero, M.; Tamargo, J.; Vargas, F.; et al. Epicatechin lowers blood pressure, restores endothelial function, and decreases oxidative stress and endothelin-1 and NADPH oxidase activity in DOCA-salt hypertension. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 2012, 52, 70–79. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]Vlachopoulos, C.; Aznaouridis, K.; Alexopoulos, N.; Economou, E.; Andreadou, I.; Stefanadis, C. Effect of Dark Chocolate on Arterial Function in Healthy Individuals. Am. J. Hypertens. 2005, 18, 785–791. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed][ Green Version]