Pain relievers: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) can relieve pain and reduce swelling. Don’t take NSAIDs for more than 10 days in a row without talking to your provider.

Treatment may include proper shoes, orthotics, or NSAIDs. [2] If this is not effective for improving symptoms, surgery may be performed. [2] It affects about 23% of adults. [1] Females are affected more often than males. [2] Usual age of onset is between 20 and 50 years old. [1] The condition also becomes more common with age. [1] It was first clearly described in 1870. [1] Archaeologists have found a high incidence of bunions in skeletons from 14th- and 15th-century England, coinciding with a fashion for pointy shoes. [5] [6] Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Drawing of a bunion There are normally five toes present on each human foot. Each toe consists of three phalanx bones, the proximal, middle, and distal, with the exception of the big toe ( Latin: hallux). For a minority of people, the little toe also is missing a middle bone. The hallux only contains two phalanx bones, the proximal and distal. The joints between each phalanx are the interphalangeal joints. The proximal phalanx bone of each toe articulates with the metatarsal bone of the foot at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Each toe is surrounded by skin, and present on all five toes is a toenail. An operation is usually successful at easing symptoms of bunions but not in all cases. It is not always possible to relieve the pain completely or make the toe perfectly straight. Your specialist will be able to advise on the pros and cons of surgery and on the success rate of the chosen operation. Complications of the operation can include:Bunion can be diagnosed and analyzed with a simple x-ray, which should be taken with the weight on the foot. [10] The hallux valgus angle (HVA) is the angle between the long axes of the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal bone of the big toe. It is considered abnormal if greater than 15–18°. [11] The following HV angles can also be used to grade the severity of hallux valgus: [12] [ unreliable medical source?] De slijmbeurs bij de bunion, of knobbel, kan ook pijn gaan doen. Tussen de huid en het gewricht van de grote teen zit namelijk niets. De huid ligt direct op het bot. Door de scheefstand drukt je schoen op de bunion. Dit geeft irritatie, waardoor er een slijmbeursontsteking ontstaat. Hallux valgus wel of niet opereren? Advise on adjusting footwear to prevent the deformity from worsening and preventing irritation of the skin over the medial eminence. If the patient has flat feet, then an orthosis may help to prevent the progression of the condition. Lutz, Barbara S.; Wei, Fu-Chan (2002). "Basic Principles on Toe-to-Hand Transplantation" (PDF). Gung Medical Journal. 25 (9): 568–76. PMID 12479617. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-04 . Retrieved 2014-01-04.

Seo JH, Lee HS, Choi YR, Park SH. Distal chevron osteotomy with lateral release for moderate to severe hallux valgus patients aged sixty years and over. Int Orthop. 2020 Jun. 44 (6):1099-1105. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. caption id="attachment_18123" align="aligncenter" width="500"] Figure 1 - Overview of the bones of the human foot[/caption] You might find that shoes with laces or straps are best, as they can be adjusted to the width of your foot. Triepel, H. (1910). Die anatomischen Namen. Ihre Ableitung und Aussprache. Mit einem Anhang: Biographische Notizen.(Dritte Auflage). Wiesbaden: Verlag J.F. Bergmann. Many people who have bunions have no pain and require no treatment, however some can develop significant pain and deformity. In both cases finding comfortable footwear can be a problem depending on the severity of the bunion.

Shima H, Okuda R, Yasuda T, Jotoku T, Kitano N, Kinoshita M. Radiographic measurements in patients with hallux valgus before and after proximal crescentic osteotomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Jun. 91 (6):1369-76. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. If your BMI states you are overweight or obese it is likely that losing weight will reduce your symptoms. Carrying extra fat also increases your risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Reducing your portion sizes and eating a balanced diet can be helpful in reducing weight. NHS informs provides a free online 12-week weight management programme to get you started right away. Farzadi M, Safaeepour Z, Mousavi ME, Saeedi H. Effect of medial arch support foot orthosis on plantar pressure distribution in females with mild-to-moderate hallux valgus after one month of follow-up. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2015 Apr. 39 (2):134-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Matricali GA, Vermeersch G, Busschots E, Fieuws S, Deschamps K. Prospective randomized comparative study on V-Y and pants-over-vest capsulorraphy in chevron and scarf osteotomy. Acta Orthop Belg. 2014 Jun. 80 (2):280-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].