COLOP Date Stamp Classic Line 2100/4 Date in Numbers Imprint Colour Black 17 x 8 x 5.3 cm

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Bellard, C., Leclerc, C. & Courchamp, F. Impact of sea level rise on the 10 insular biodiversity hotspots. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 23, 203–212 (2014). Fu, H.-Z. & Waltman, L. A large-scale bibliometric analysis of global climate change research between 2001 and 2018. Clim. Change 170, 1–21 (2022). According to the UN, of the predicted growth in world population between 2020 and 2050, all of that change will come from less developed countries, and more than half will come from sub-Saharan Africa. [8] Half of the growth will come from just eight countries, five of which are in Africa. [5] [6] The UN predicts that the population of sub-Saharan Africa will double by 2050. [8] The Pew Research Center observes that 50% of births in the year 2100 will be in Africa. [9] Other organizations project lower levels of population growth in Africa, based particularly on improvement in women's education and successful implementation of family planning. [10] 2. World population prospects, 2022 projection [11]

World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision". The United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs. 17 June 2013.As it is a separable differential equation, the population may be solved explicitly, producing a logistic function: Hauer, M. E. Migration induced by sea-level rise could reshape the US population landscape. Nat. Clim. Change 7, 321–325 (2017). World Population Prospects 2022, Standard Projections, Compact File, Estimates tab, Life Expectancy at Birth, both sexes (years) column". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022. Population projections are attempts to show how the human population statistics might change in the future. [1] These projections are an important input to forecasts of the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-being. [2] Models of population growth take trends in human development and apply projections into the future. [3] These models use trend-based-assumptions about how populations will respond to economic, social and technological forces to understand how they will affect fertility and mortality, and thus population growth. [3] Narayan, S. et al.

Scott, D., Simpson, M. C. & Sim, R. The vulnerability of Caribbean coastal tourism to scenarios of climate change related sea level rise. J. Sustain.Tourism 20, 883–898 (2012). Stokstad, Erik (5 May 2019). "Landmark analysis documents the alarming global decline of nature". Science. AAAS . Retrieved 20 October 2022. Driving these threats are the growing human population, which has doubled since 1970 to 7.6 billion, and consumption. (Per capita of use of materials is up 15% over the past 5 decades.) In this study, the global SLR literature was systematically assessed utilising a term-based search strategy in the Web of Science (Supplementary Fig. S3). This search extracted academic literature (and not reports such as IPCC assessments—see below for details), such as research articles, review papers, data papers, letters, and proceeding papers. Grey literature and Indigenous knowledge, although valuable, were not considered in the search. A suitable search strategy was implemented to ensure the majority of key and relevant SLR articles are captured, while minimising false positives. Here, false positives are defined as studies that are not directly related to SLR, although they have used the term “SLR” or similar close terms. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projects that the global population will peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion and decline to 8.89 billion in 2100. Many of the world's countries, including many in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and South East Asia, have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War. The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For example, the population of Chad has ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in 2009, [41] further straining its resources. Vietnam, Mexico, Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the DRC are witnessing a similar growth in population.Population size and population composition". Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel. 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-06-28 . Retrieved 2011-04-29. K K = the carrying capacity of the population; defined by ecologists as the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain. [27] Passeri, D. L. et al. The dynamic effects of sea level rise on low‐gradient coastal landscapes: A review. Earth’s Future 3, 159–181 (2015).

It should be noted that the IPCC reports were not considered in the dataset of citing articles retrieved from the Web of Science as they may have distorted the analyses. However, these reports are inevitably captured in the analyses as “cited references” of many SLR “citing articles” and thereby contributed to shape up the research sub-themes. All the cited references were analysed and reported as described and cited in the citing articles. For some sources such as the IPCC reports, they were cited in multiple ways (chapter, synthesis, or full report). However, this does not influence the analysis and cluster formation processes due to the robustness of the document co-citation methods (see above and below). Population (Mid Year Estimates) & Land Area". Statistics Singapore. 31 August 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-09-14.

Measuring sea level

Population Reference Bureau. "2013 World Population Factsheet" (PDF). Population Reference Bureau . Retrieved 5 December 2014. Nalau, J. & Verrall, B. Mapping the evolution and current trends in climate change adaptation science. Clim. Risk Manag. 32, 100290 (2021).

A much simpler approach is to consider a lower bound on population growth based on conservative estimates for three critical parameters, all global averages: 1 child per individual (mathematically equivalent to each couple bearing twins); age of the parent when the child is born equal to 30; life expectancy equal to 60. It is straightforward to calculate from this parametrization that each individual on average at time of death will have a child aged 30 and a grandchild aged 0, and thus the overall population doubles every 60 years. Simple adjustments, such as changing the age of the parent when having a child from 30 to 20, are easy to calculate (in this case going from 30 to 20 produces in 60 years a tripling rather than a doubling). Since the actual average numbers are such that each individual is parent to 1.35 children (half of the given fertility rate of 2.7: see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate) at an age younger than 30 (unsubstantiated, but highly plausible), with life expectancy well over 60 ( https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy has it at over 70), this model although grossly simplified is nevertheless arguably a valid lower bound on population growth. The actual numbers from the U.N. (as summarized at https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/world-population-by-year/) reflect that the population from 1960 to 2020 went from 3.019 billion to 7.84 billion, thus furthering the argument when applied to the previous 60-year period. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística". Dane.gov.co. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05 . Retrieved 2010-08-22. Befus, K. M., Barnard, P. L., Hoover, D. J., Finzi Hart, J. A. & Voss, C. I. Increasing threat of coastal groundwater hazards from sea-level rise in California. Nat. Clim. Change 10, 946–952 (2020). Wzrasta liczba ludności Polski - Wiadomości - WP.PL". Wiadomosci.wp.pl. 2010-07-23. Archived from the original on 2013-10-05 . Retrieved 2010-07-27.World Population Prospects 2022, Standard Projections, Compact File, Variant tab, Life Expectancy at Birth, both sexes (years) column". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population to 2300. 2004. Executive Summary, p. 1. Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Statistics Canada. 6 July 2009 . Retrieved 2011-04-17.