Lights4fun 50cm Artificial Christmas Wreath Frosted Mistletoe Decoration for Front Door & Indoor Wall

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There are 1500 species of mistletoe, varying widely in toxicity to humans; the European mistletoe ( Viscum album) is more toxic than the American mistletoe ( Phoradendron serotinum), though concerns regarding toxicity are more prevalent in the US. [17] The effects are not usually fatal. [18] In parts of South Asia, they are frequently used as an external medicine. [19] The active substances are Phoratoxin (in Phoradendron) and Tyramine (in Viscum) and their effects include blurred vision, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. [18] Less commonly they cause cardiac problems; seizures, hypertension, and even cardiac arrest. Toxins are more concentrated in the leaves and berries of the plant, with teas prepared from the plant being particularly dangerous. While adults may suffer little effect, these are more pronounced in small children and in animals. [17] Mistletoe species grow on a wide range of host trees, some of which experience side effects including reduced growth, stunting, and loss of infested outer branches. A heavy infestation may also kill the host plant. Viscum album successfully parasitizes more than 200 tree and shrub species. [ citation needed] Mistletoe in winter Species more or less obligate include the leafless quintral, Tristerix aphyllus, which lives deep inside the sugar-transporting tissue of a spiny cactus, appearing only to show its tubular red flowers, [11] and the genus Arceuthobium (dwarf mistletoe; Santalaceae) which has reduced photosynthesis; as an adult, it manufactures only a small proportion of the sugars it needs from its own photosynthesis, but as a seedling actively photosynthesizes until a connection to the host is established. [ citation needed] The word 'mistletoe' derives from the older form 'mistle' adding the Old English word tān (twig). 'Mistle' is common Germanic (Old High German mistil, Middle High German mistel, Old English mistel, Old Norse mistil). [4] Further etymology is uncertain, but may be related to the Germanic base for 'mash'. [5] Groups [ edit ]

Mistletoe is relevant to several cultures. Pagan cultures regarded the white berries as symbols of male fertility, with the seeds resembling semen. [23] The Celts, particularly, saw mistletoe as the semen of Taranis, while the Ancient Greeks referred to mistletoe as "oak sperm". [24] [25] Also in Roman mythology, mistletoe was used by the hero Aeneas to reach the underworld. [26] [27] Michele Fornaro, Nicoletta Clementi and Pantaleo Fornaro (2009). "Medicine and psychiatry in Western culture: Ancient Greek myths and modern prejudices". Annals of General Psychiatry. 8: 21. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-8-21. PMC 2762970. PMID 19811642. Beam, Christopher (2011-12-14). "What's the deal with mistletoe?". slate.com . Retrieved July 8, 2015. I have given ideas for the colour of each card layer but obviously this is a guide only, you can do any colour you like!To save paper I have also added a filled in bow so you can use less paper. To cut the bow to size in silhouette add it to the design space by using merge after you have cut one layer in another colour. Then drag your bow to fit over the same size as you made the bow on the wreath before. Then remove the previous cut wreath and cut just the bow in red or whichever colour you choose. I have also included the whole layer 3 svg should you choose to cut the entire wreath. How to get your Christmas Mistletoe Wreath SVG Cut File for personal use Note Bulk Bags and larger items are pallet deliveries and therefore will be to kerb side. At the drivers discretion and access permitting, if possible, they will try to deliver as close as possible to your preferred location. Mistletoe: The Evolution of a Christmas Tradition". Smithsonian. Dec. 21, 2011 . Retrieved 9 October 2018.

Williams, Anarchy. Did the ancient Celts practice human sacrifice? Diss. University of Wales, Trinity St David, 2014, p.55 Zulu Journal. University of California Press. 1959. pp. 114–. GGKEY:5QX6L53RH1U . Retrieved 17 May 2013. Want more ideas like this one? Some other fun crafts to make along with your mistletoe wreath are our mini felt trees, felt baby doves, and felt greenery garland. Or, you can explore all of our DIY wreaths. F. G. Hawksworth and R. F. Scharpf (1986), "Spread of European mistletoe (Viscum album) in California, U.S.A." European Journal of Forest Pathology 16(1):1-6 JH Westwood, JI Yoder, MP Timko, CW dePhamphilis (2010) "The evolution of parasitism in plants". Trends Plant Sci 15:227-235

At another extreme other species have vigorous green leaves. Not only do they photosynthesize actively, but a heavy infestation of mistletoe plants may take over whole host tree branches, sometimes killing practically the entire crown and replacing it with their own growth. In such a tree the host is relegated purely to the supply of water and mineral nutrients and the physical support of the trunk. Such a tree may survive as a Viscum community for years; it resembles a totally unknown species unless one examines it closely, because its foliage does not look like that of any tree. An example of a species that behaves in this manner is Viscum continuum. [10]

Parasitism has evolved at least twelve times among the vascular plants. [6] Molecular data show the mistletoe habit has evolved independently five times within the Santalales—first in the Misodendraceae, but also in the Loranthaceae and three times in the Santalaceae (in the former Santalalean families Eremolepidaceae and Viscaceae, and the tribe Amphorogyneae). [7] Mistletoe may have played an important role in Druidic mythology in the Ritual of Oak and Mistletoe, although the only ancient writer to mention the use of mistletoe in this ceremony was Pliny. Evidence taken from bog bodies makes the Celtic use of mistletoe seem medicinal rather than ritual. [28] It is possible that mistletoe was originally associated with human sacrifice and only became associated with the white bull after the Romans banned human sacrifices. [29]

a b c O'Neill, A. R.; Rana, S. K. (2019). "An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 12 (14): 14. doi: 10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y. PMC 4765049. PMID 26912113. David M. Watson, "Mistletoe-A Keystone Resource in Forests and Woodlands Worldwide" Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32 (2001:219–249).