Common causes of brittle nails are repeatedly wetting and drying the nails. Though less common, other causes may include iron deficiency or underlying illness. Symptoms

In adults the most common systemic association is with iron deficiency and haemochromatosis, although the majority of adults with koilonychia demonstrate a familial pattern Toenail, The organisms causing athlete's foot may persist for long periods. Consequently, the infection may be spread by contaminated bed sheets or clothing to other parts of the body. Pyogenic granuloma- a red papule or nodule that bleeds very easily. Needs to be differentiated from malignancy

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In some cases the nail matrix is destroyed with electrocautery ablation, using electricity to burn it away. Laser procedures can also be used for this purpose, but the necessary equipment is prohibitively expensive for most practices, and in the majority of cases unnecessary. What Are The Complications of Toenail Removal? Only about 50% of discoloured or dystrophic-appearing nails have a fungal infection confirmed with dermatophyte on culture. Other causes include: If you have diabetes or another condition that affects your circulation, or are immunosuppressed, call your provider as soon as you notice signs of infection. You should seek immediate care if you have a condition that affects your body’s ability to fight infection.

Unlike melanocytic pigment, which starts in the matrix, the pattern of onychomycosis usually extends from the distal free edge with proximal progression

Swelling of distal digits with overgrown nail plates that has a similar appearance to clubbing. Nails may lift off the nail bed Injuring a toenail can result in a collection of blood under the nail, called subungual hematoma. Other damage can include a partially or completely separated nail or injury to the underlying bone. The nail fungus moves in under the nail. The nail provides a safe place for the fungus and protects it while it grows. That's why it's so hard to reach and stop nail fungus.

One meta-analysis looking at safety of antifungals used to treat superficial fungal infections found a low incidence of adverse events in an immunocompetent population [ 22] . The risk of having asymptomatic serum transaminase elevation which did not require treatment discontinuation was less than 2.0% for all treatment regimens. The risk of an adverse liver reaction requiring treatment to be stopped ranged from 0.1% (continuous itraconazole) to 1.2% (continuous fluconazole). providing additional, Vitamins, Enzymes and Minerals to further boost the natural growth function of the nail and surroundingFindings include pits, distal and lateral onycholysis, 'oil-drops', subungual hyperkeratosis, an uneven nail surface, paronychia, transverse midline depressions in the thumbnails, and occasionally splinter haemorrhages Longitudinal melanonychia is a term used to describe a hyperpigmented band that runslongitudinally from the proximal nail fold to the free end of the nail plate. The first diagnosis to consider is melanoma, although there are several benign causes.

In addition to being useful for the treatment of conditions such as ingrown toenails, warts, nail tumors, or fungal infections like onychomycosis or paronychia , nail avulsion is sometimes useful for diagnostic purposes—a doctor may want to explore the nail bed, the matrix, and the nail folds before deciding whether to conduct a biopsy on the nail bed. The Nail Avulsion Procedure: What to Expect Evidence for combination treatment with oral and topical antifungals may be considered if topical treatment alone is ineffective . One of the most common problems treated by podiatrists is ingrown toenails. The big toe is particularly prone to this painful condition. Causes may include: Treatment options include cutting nails square, hot water soaks, cotton wool inserts at the nail edges, antibiotics or excision and wedge excision or total excision of nail. A Cochrane review found that surgical treatments were more effective than non-surgical treatments. [ 4]

Skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema (dermatitis), lichen planus or lupus can affect the nails. Abnormalities may include pits, grooves or crumbling nails.